Giacomo Casanova dalam Histoire de ma vie: tentang filosofinya

Halaman 23 -Footnote
"Ilmu pengobatan kuno percaya bahwa kesehatan manusia dipengaruhi oleh keseimbangan empat cairan tubuh: darah, lendir, air empedu hitam, dan air empedu kuning. Dampak terlalu banyak darah akan membuat orang jadi periang (sanguinis), banyak lendir (pleghm) menyebabkan dingin dan apatis (flegmatis), banyak empedu hitam bikin melankolis/depresif, dan banyak empedu kuning mengakibatkan koleris. Makanan dipercaya punya sifat masing-masing, misalnya panas, dingin, kering, dan basah. Untuk mengatasi lendir yang dipercaya hangat dan basah, si sakit harus makan makanan yang bersifat dingin dan kering. Metode pengobatan ini kini tidak dipakai lagi, tetapi istilah-istilahnya masih dipakai dalam ilmu psikologi."

Halaman 27-29
"Temperamenku ada empat macam: flegmatis pada masa kecil, sanguinis pada masa remaja, kemudian disusul dengan koleris, dan yang terakhir temperamen melankolis yang ternyata mendominasi sebagian besar masa hidupku sampai kini.
...
Kelemahan tabiatku itu tidak dapat diperbaiki karena temperamen atau perangai memang diluar kendali kita, sedangkan kepribadian lain lagi soalnya. Hati dan pikiran merupakan elemen utamanya, dan temperamen tidak terlalu berpengaruh di dalamnya. Dengan demikian, pembentukan kepribadian tergantung pada cara seseorang dibesarkan, serta dapat diperbaiki dan dibentuk ulang."

Days of The Week

Diambil dari buku The Golden Book Encyclopedia, tentang kisah asal-usul nama-nama hari dalam satu minggu menurut legenda Yunani: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.

The seven days of the week are named in honor of the sun, the moon, and five of the planets. The five planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. These were the only planets the people of long ago knew about. The sun, moon, and these five planets were supposed to take turns ruling over the days. The seven days from the sun’s day to the sun’s day became the week.

Sunday is the sun’s day. Monday is the moon’s day. Saturday is Saturn’s day. Tuesday is Mars’ day. Wednesday is Mercury’s day. Thursday is Jupiter’s day. And Friday is Venus’ day. “Tuesday,” “Wednesday”, “Thursday,” and “Friday” do not sound at all like “Mars’ day,” “Mercury’s day,” “Jupiter’s day,“ and “Venus’ day.” The names of these four days came about this way:

The planets were named for Roman gods and goddesses. Mars was the Roman god of war. Mercury was the messenger of the gods. Jupiter was the king of the gods. Venus was the goddess of beauty. The old Norse gods and goddesses were very much the same as the Roman ones. But they had different names. Our names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday came from Norse gods. Tuesday is “Tiu’s day,” Wednesday is “Woden’s day,” Thursday is “Thor’s day,” and “ Friday is “Frigg’s day.”

We cannot change the number of days in a year without getting dates all out of place in the seasons. Our year is made for us by the journey of earth around the sun. We cannot change the length of the day. The day is made for us by the turning of the earth on its axis. But there is no reason why we have to have seven days in a week. We could have any number of days we liked. Five-day, eight-day, and ten-day weeks have all been tried. If the people of long ago had known about Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, we might have ten days in a week instead of seven. But we are so used to seven now that few people would want to change.

Istilah-istilah dalam Opera dan Musik Klasik

Nocturne
A nocturne (from the French which meant nocturnal, from Latin nocturnus) is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night.

The name nocturne was first applied to pieces in the eighteenth century, when it indicated an ensemble piece in several movements, normally played for an evening party and then laid aside. Sometimes it carried the Italian equivalent, notturno, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's quadraphonic Notturno in D, K.286, written for four lightly echoing separated ensembles of paired horns with strings, and his Serenata Notturna, K. 239. At this time, the piece was not necessarily evocative of the night, but might merely be intended for performance at night, much like a serenade.

The first nocturnes to be written under the specific title were by the Irish composer John Field, generally viewed as the father of the Romantic nocturne that characteristically features a cantabile melody over an arpeggiated, even guitar-like accompaniment. However, the most famous exponent of the form was Frédéric Chopin, who wrote 21 of them (see Chopin nocturnes).

In the movement entitled 'The Night's Music' ('Musiques nocturnes' in French) of Out of Doors for solo piano (1926), Bartók imitated the sounds of nature . It contains quiet, eerie, blurred cluster-chords and imitations of the twittering of birds and croaking of nocturnal creatures, with lonely melodies in contrasting sections.

Nocturnes are generally thought of as being tranquil, often expressive and lyrical, and sometimes rather gloomy, but in practice pieces with the name nocturne have conveyed a variety of moods: the second of Debussy's orchestral Nocturnes, "Fêtes", for example, is very lively.

Cantabile
Cantabile is a musical term meaning literally "singable" or "songlike" (Italian). It has several meanings in different contexts. In instrumental music, it indicates a particular style of playing designed to imitate the human voice. For 18th century composers, the term is often used synonymously with "cantando" (singing), and indicates a measured tempo and flexible, legato playing. For later composers, particularly in piano music, cantabile indicates the drawing out of one particular musical line against the accompaniment (compare counterpoint).

Arpeggio
In music, an arpeggio (plural arpeggi or arpeggios) is Italian for broken chord where the notes are played or sung in sequence, one after the other, rather than ringing out simultaneously. This word comes from the Italian word "arpeggiare" , which means "to play on a harp". Formed from scales, the arpeggio is based on the relative scale playing the "key" notes or those affected by the key signature.

Serenade
In music, a serenade (or sometimes serenata) is, in its most general sense, a musical composition, and/or performance, in someone's honor. Serenades are typically calm, light music. In fact, the word Serenade is derived from the word sereno, which means calm.

In the oldest usage, which survives in informal form to the present day, a serenade is a musical greeting performed for a lover, friend, person of rank or other person to be honored. The classic serenade usage would be from a lover to his lady love through a window. It was considered an evening piece, one to be performed on a quiet and pleasant evening. The custom of serenading in this manner began in the Medieval era, and the word "serenade" as commonly used in current English is related to this custom. Music performed followed no one particular form, except that it was typically sung by one person accompanying himself on a portable instrument,most likely a guitar, lute or other plucked instrument. Works of this type also appeared in later eras, but usually in a context that referred specifically to a past time, such as an arias in an opera (there is a famous example in Mozart's Don Giovanni).

Sonata
Sonata (from Latin and Italian sonare, "to sound", Italian: pl., Sonate), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung.

In the Baroque, the term "sonata" was applied to a variety of works for solo instrument such as keyboard or violin, and for groups of instruments. In the transition from the Baroque to the Classical period, the term sonata underwent a change in usage, coming to mean a chamber-music genre for either a solo instrument (usually a keyboard), or a solo melody instrument with piano.

Cantata
A cantata (literally 'sung', derived from the Italian word 'cantare') is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

A cantata consisted first of a declamatory narrative or scene in recitative, held together by a primitive aria repeated at intervals. Fine examples may be found in the church music of Giacomo Carissimi; and the English vocal solos of Henry Purcell (such as Mad Tom and Mad Bess) show the utmost that can be made of this archaic form. With the rise of the da capo aria, the cantata became a group of two or three arias joined by recitative.

Aria
An aria (Italian for air; plural: arie or arias in common usage) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term is now used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice usually with orchestral accompaniment. Perhaps the most common context for arias is opera, although there are many arias that form movements of oratorios and cantatas. Composers also wrote concert arias, which are not part of any larger work, such as "Ah perfido" by Beethoven, and a number of concert arias by Mozart, such as "Conservati fedele".

The aria first appeared in the 14th century when it signified a manner or style of singing or playing. Aria could also mean a melodic scheme (motif) or pattern for singing a poetic pattern, such as a sonnet. It was also attached to instrumental music, though this is no longer the case.

Scherzo
A scherzo (plural scherzi) is a piece of music, often a movement from a larger piece such as a symphony or a sonata. The scherzo's precise definition has varied over the years, but it often refers to a movement which replaces the minuet as the third movement in a four-movement work, such as a symphony, sonata, or string quartet. Scherzo also frequently refers to a fast-moving humorous composition which may or may not be part of a larger work. The word "scherzo" means "joke" in Italian. Sometimes the word scherzando (joking) is used in musical notation to indicate that a passage should be executed in a playful manner.

Ballade
A ballade (French pronunciation: [baˈlad]; French for "ballad") refers to a one-movement musical piece with lyrical and dramatic narrative qualities.

Freud and Holmes: Psychoanalysis and Crimes

Artikel ini merupakan tugas akhir mata kuliah writing 1, dan sayangnya ini merupakan tugas terakhir writing saya. Sebenernya saya agak kecewa sama bapak dosen  yang ngasih nilai C di akhir semester... Karena Mr. S*d*rya gak tau seberapa besar usaha saya buat bikin tugas akhir semester ini. Tulisan ini saya buat dalam keadaan masih dalam masa penyembuhan pascaoperasi mata.. Dan akhirnya... saya harus cukup puas dengan nilai C. Okay, never mind!

What is psychoanalysis? You may hear about psychoanalysis theory in case of psychology study, or may find that word in books, novels, and movies. The general description of psychoanalysis is the study of human psychological functioning and behavior. It was Sigmund Freud, a neurologist and physician, who developed the idea of psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s. That’s why this theory also known as Freudian psychology. There are three points how psychoanalysis works. First, it examines in detail the human thoughts, the second is about the organized set of theories related to human behavior, and the last is that it is used for psychological sufferer treatment. Afterwards, how can it related to crimes?
I begin interested in psychoanalysis at the first time when I was reading a novel by Frank Tallis. He is a clinical psychiatrist and a psychologist from London who is expert in obsession subject. The title of the book is The Liebermann Papers: Vienna Blood, published in 2005. It carries the genre of psychoanalytic thriller. The story begins with a series of inhuman murder in Vienna that must be settled by Detective Inspector Oskar Rheinhardt. Assisted by Dr. Max Liebermann, a psychoanalyst who is a Freudian, they investigate the complicated mystery of inhuman murder to find out the prime suspect. The investigations guide them to a secret association, the underground movement made up of Germany elite persons, instigators of racialism, and scientists who are inspired of neo-Evolution theory from England.

The mutilated corpse, weird symbols, and the random victims are the attitude and traces of the murderer. Although at first, the figure of the murderer seems cannot be broken through by psychoanalysis interpretation, it gradually becomes clear that unpredictable background stands for the murderer’s actions. Olbricht, a character of the story, killed an anaconda that truncated into three fragments. Then, in the case of Spittelberg homicide, he killed one pimp and three Galician girls in a whorehouse with splitting their throats and cutting one’s genital. The other ruthless homicides are he puts a door latch into the throat of a Czechoslovakian merchant, and cuts a Moor’s throat. Also, he kills a Catholic honorable man in tidy way. In the last chapter, Dr. Liebermann as psychoanalyst makes the murderer confessing his crime, revealed the truth of his motivation killing many people.

The book told that Olbricht is a hater of Mozart, so he kills his victims based on the characters of a play titled The Magic Flute, which is one of Mozart’s famous artworks. He also becomes a member of Freemason, secret association related to an ideology, in order to get more information about symbols used in The Magic Flute, so he can describe the characters of that play and determine who the victims he wants to kill. The interesting part of this case is the reasons why Olbricht becomes a quite hater of Mozart. Psychoanalysis proves that his hate feeling comes from his traumatic childhood. When he was a child, he lived near the rural theatre with his mother. And the rural theatre always played The Magic Flute, an impressive play at that moment. His mother is actually a whore and becomes an “entertainer” for foreigner. It evoked an emotion of jealous feeling that belongs to young Olbricht. He saw his mother entertaining those bastards while The Magical Flute playing all the time. Therefore, he got a traumatic experience of hearing the play of The Magical Flute. So, he released his bad feeling and expressed his hate of Mozart by killing people brutally based on the plot of Mozart’s The Magic Flute.

Then, do you know how can Dr. Liebermann make those correct analyses about the actor of this case? He said on book that he realized the abnormal symptom was shown on Olbricht’s art painting titled Pipara: The Germanic Woman in the Purple of the Caesars. Because of his precision, he found that the woman’s hood in picture, which should be colored with purple, was red colorings. According to psychoanalysis, it is called optical illusion that happen to person as if there is a push to present certain color represented his emotions. The other symptom was indicated on Olbricht body. He was born with syphilis, a venereal disease that came from his mother and it caused the deviant structure of his face. Also in psychoanalysis, syphilis can attack the main neurological system and bring person into paralysis, lunacy, or both. Therefore, a series of brutal murder represents Olbricht’s lunacy.

Those short descriptions may become a reference of how psychoanalysis related to the crime case, especially for the high level case that needs a brain thoughts rather than an action to solve. Standing before mental sufferers may be difficult to handle because they often have abnormal behaviors and thoughts about unmoral way to do crime, and they do it for some unpredictable reasons. To be satisfied, to release emotions, to do revenge, and to express feelings are plenty of doing crime backgrounds. As Freud stated in this book that insanity comes when the human mental system gets a power from a particular source, or a specific origin. Thus, if I were Holmes, I would need someone like Freud to be my partner in solving cases.

THE WASGITEL POCI TEA

This is one of my assignment of Writing 1 subject, enjoy reading!

Have you ever heard anything about Tegal? If you are living in the region of Java or you had traveled to Central Java, Indonesia, you may catch a little information about Tegal. Some visitors, who have come to Tegal, recite their admiration about this city known as Bahari City.

If you look at the map of Central Java province, Indonesia, you can find Tegal located in the west of Semarang or in the east of Jakarta. It is laid on the northern coast of Central Java about one-hundred kilometers from Cirebon.

There are a lot of interesting cultures exist in Tegal. When we say about Tegal, the stereotype that people think about the inhabitant is their native language known as Basa Tegal. People can determine its dialect and accent which are different from local language used in Central Java. If you’ve ever heard Javanese language that is spoken politely, it is spoken impolitely in Tegal. Beside of its own language, Tegal also has various cultural arts, such as traditional dance called “Tari Endel”, a local music instrument known as “Kulintang”, and the popular puppet “Wayang Orang-Orangan”. And, the most important thing that you shouldn’t miss about Tegal is the local food.

Some people I met, who have come to Tegal, are very common to talk much about enjoying culinary in this city. As Tegal is located on the northern coast of Central Java, people who are traveling across the line used to transit in this city to taste some food, even to stay overnight. There are several local foods in Tegal. However, the original one is a kind of drink which popular as Poci Tea.

Poci Tea is made by pouring the tea with the boiling water in a small crockery tea pot. It uses the tea which is made from a composition of tea leafs and jasmines. It looks like rough tea powders. For traditional people, they smashed the tea leafs and jasmines in manual way, but nowadays we can find the packaging tea made from factory manufacturer. Those are my description about the tea. Now, I know you must be curious about the word “poci”. It is used to name the crockery pot. So, it seems that Poci Tea looks like the same tea drink as general, but actually it is different in taste. The inhabitants call its taste as “WASGITEL”, which stands for wangi, panas, sepet, legi, lan kentel. In English it means fragrant, hot, bitter, sweet and viscous. You must be surprised when you drink the tea because the sweet taste is come from the special sugar, which is served in the crockery cup as a large piece of crystal sugar called “gula batu”. And, you must know that the fragrance is appeared from jasmines. The next is you have to know how they drink the tea. First, the tea comes with the boiling water in the small tea pot. Then, they pour it to the cup that already filled with a large piece of sugar inside. They don’t need to stir the tea, and the special sweet taste comes when they drink up almost all the tea. It makes their cup kept being poured continually.

The custom of drink tea is familiar as “Moci”. For traditional people, they use the real crockery tea pot and cup because it conceives a special flavor of the tea. People do moci while eating some meals, usually light food, and they do it in their rest time. Men are more typical to do moci with friends after they break from work. They enjoy chattering, sharing, and laughing together. Therefore, moci made identical with relaxation and intimacy.

Moreover about Poci Tea, you can see how Tegal inhabitants love their culture, by visiting the central park called Poci Park that located in front of the train station. It is a small park with children playgrounds and picnics area, also many kiosks and people selling foods and stuff. In this park, you will see a great building of tea pot known as poci. It is a symbol that Poci Tea becomes the trade mark of Tegal. For your information, Tegal had achieved the MURI Record by involving 5.000 people in the event of drink Poci Tea together in 2006.

Tabik

Assalamu'alaikum Saya membuat blog ini agar bisa mempertahankan produktivitas saya untuk menulis. Terkadang saya ngerasa males nulis, atau lupa nulis, bahkan berhenti nulis, padahal banyak ide-ide yang timbul di kepala saya, dan akhirnya tenggelam. Mengutip kata neneknya Casanova, "kalau kau tidak punya sesuatu yang berharga untuk dicatat, maka tulislah sesuatu yang layak atau berharga untuk dibaca." Jadi di dalam blog ini ya isinya ide-ide yang ada di otak saya, ga peduli penting ato nggak, pokoknya nulis nulis dan nulis :D
Terima kasih..